Unit System: mm-s-tonne-N-MPa (MPa for pressure/stress, ton/mm³ for density)
1. Murray Y.D. Users Manual for LS-DYNA Concrete Material Model 159 (MAT_CSCM). FHWA-HRT-05-062. Federal Highway Administration, 2007.
https://highways.dot.gov/media/5936
2. Novozhilov Y.V., Dmitriev A.N., Mikhaluk D.S. Precise Calibration of the Continuous Surface Cap Model for Concrete Simulation. Buildings. 2022;12(5):636.
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050636
The CSCM model provides continuous smooth failure surfaces for concrete materials and includes strain rate effects. The Novozhilov calibration method improves parameter prediction accuracy for high strain-rate analysis.